Paper Writer

Paper Writer In their role, they may work throughout genres, from nonfiction to poetry, fiction to satire. In a enterprise setting, writers may work as copywriters, technical writers, weblog and feature writers, and as editors. Even should you had the most demanding job that took up most of your waking hours, you'd at all times find time to pen one thing down. Even when you lost every thing on this world, one of many first belongings you would get can be a pen and paper. Get all your thoughts on paper, and you'll prolong or shorten the essay in the course of the editing course of. Another scholarship essay length you might encounter is 1,000 phrases. With a 1,000-word scholarship essay, you will need to cite sources and provide detailed references to help your claims. 1,000+ word essay prompts are often used for writing competitions, the place you may be asked to create a fictional story. Ever because you learned the distinction between the letters ‘A’ and ‘B’, you’d rather write it than say it. The data supplied on this blog is for informational functions only. In order to comply with FTC guidelines we wish to be clear that ScholarshipOwl could get compensated by corporations and/or partners based mostly on an affiliate or advertiser partnership. We may get compensated for example for mentioning companions, by you, the consumer, making a clicking, purchasing, or signing up for a services or products through a monitoring hyperlink. In no way are we liable for the accuracy, relevance, timeliness, or completeness of any data on these external web sites. 500 phrases provide you with more room to express your opinion. Yet, it's nonetheless quick enough that it doesn't need footnotes and cited resources, usually. 500-word essays don't have to be exactly 500 words, however they need to be as shut as possible. It is meant to provide opinions and academic info. It just isn't meant as individual recommendation and shouldn't be taken as substitute for skilled advice. We assume no responsibility for errors or errors. We reserve the best to make deletions, additions, or modifications to the content material at any given time with out prior notice. In some instances we could also be compensated on an affiliate basis when users take certain actions. Here are 15 signs you’re a author, even whenever you feel in any other case. Regardless of the place you find yourself, one factor is never absent out of your sideâ€"some type of writing material, whether it’s paper and a pen, or a digital memo. Some folks suppose it bizarre however, to you, it’s just the best way you are. The further size provides room for extra creativity, nevertheless it additionally requires more time to put the perfect piece together. 500-word scholarship essays provide more writing flexibility than 250-word essays. With a shorter word depend, you're usually forced to summarize long-winded ideas into fast to-the-level snippets. Something may pop out while you sleep…so why not write it down. At first writer’s block hits you and all you see is a clean page. Minutes later, you’re scribbling away like you’re being chased by your ideas. At times, you only planned on doing a half page write up. But after some minutes, you’re already two pages deep. No, you don’t get proud when people reward you, however you fall in love with the individuals who do. Whenever someone tells you how nice a author you might be, you replay that second in your head a number of times. You go back to the piece you were praised about and skim it again and again, such as you were trying to go looking out the rationale for the praise. Whenever you are feeling indignant, lonely or simply depressed, your finest good friend isn’t the bottle, but that piece of paper subsequent to you. If days move without you writing something down, your emotions might go berserk. At this point, you know it’s time to go back to your first love. Some persons are born with particular qualities that others lack.

Paper Writer

Paper Writer In their role, they may work throughout genres, from nonfiction to poetry, fiction to satire. In a enterprise setting, writers may work as copywriters, technical writers, weblog and feature writers, and as editors. Even should you had the most demanding job that took up most of your waking hours, you'd at all times find time to pen one thing down. Even when you lost every thing on this world, one of many first belongings you would get can be a pen and paper. Get all your thoughts on paper, and you'll prolong or shorten the essay in the course of the editing course of. Another scholarship essay length you might encounter is 1,000 phrases. With a 1,000-word scholarship essay, you will need to cite sources and provide detailed references to help your claims. 1,000+ word essay prompts are often used for writing competitions, the place you may be asked to create a fictional story. Ever because you learned the distinction between the letters ‘A’ and ‘B’, you’d rather write it than say it. The data supplied on this blog is for informational functions only. In order to comply with FTC guidelines we wish to be clear that ScholarshipOwl could get compensated by corporations and/or partners based mostly on an affiliate or advertiser partnership. We may get compensated for example for mentioning companions, by you, the consumer, making a clicking, purchasing, or signing up for a services or products through a monitoring hyperlink. In no way are we liable for the accuracy, relevance, timeliness, or completeness of any data on these external web sites. 500 phrases provide you with more room to express your opinion. Yet, it's nonetheless quick enough that it doesn't need footnotes and cited resources, usually. 500-word essays don't have to be exactly 500 words, however they need to be as shut as possible. It is meant to provide opinions and academic info. It just isn't meant as individual recommendation and shouldn't be taken as substitute for skilled advice. We assume no responsibility for errors or errors. We reserve the best to make deletions, additions, or modifications to the content material at any given time with out prior notice. In some instances we could also be compensated on an affiliate basis when users take certain actions. Here are 15 signs you’re a author, even whenever you feel in any other case. Regardless of the place you find yourself, one factor is never absent out of your sideâ€"some type of writing material, whether it’s paper and a pen, or a digital memo. Some folks suppose it bizarre however, to you, it’s just the best way you are. The further size provides room for extra creativity, nevertheless it additionally requires more time to put the perfect piece together. 500-word scholarship essays provide more writing flexibility than 250-word essays. With a shorter word depend, you're usually forced to summarize long-winded ideas into fast to-the-level snippets. Something may pop out while you sleep…so why not write it down. At first writer’s block hits you and all you see is a clean page. Minutes later, you’re scribbling away like you’re being chased by your ideas. At times, you only planned on doing a half page write up. But after some minutes, you’re already two pages deep. No, you don’t get proud when people reward you, however you fall in love with the individuals who do. Whenever someone tells you how nice a author you might be, you replay that second in your head a number of times. You go back to the piece you were praised about and skim it again and again, such as you were trying to go looking out the rationale for the praise. Whenever you are feeling indignant, lonely or simply depressed, your finest good friend isn’t the bottle, but that piece of paper subsequent to you. If days move without you writing something down, your emotions might go berserk. At this point, you know it’s time to go back to your first love. Some persons are born with particular qualities that others lack.

Essay Writer Services

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Essay Writers To Write Your Papers On Any Topics 24

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Before starting the method, you should determine on what precisely are your objectives, which means where you wish to apply. If you want to apply in the most effective schools, then you have to seek for one of the best faculty software essay prompts . These aren't even comparable for every college and university. For instance, the UC software essay prompts will not be much like BYU software essay prompts. Hence you need to do related research before writing the appliance essay. Further, the commonest prompt is why do you need to purchase a specific tutorial program in the school. However, the incidents or pursuits shared in the essay must be essential to you on a private level. Do not add or make up things that you just assume would possibly look good. The size of the essay is set for a selected objective, as talked about earlier. But if someone nonetheless does not stick with it, the admission officer would, after all, read the essay however really feel that it's unfocused, is rambling and the enhancing is poorly done. Here, you need to keep away from writing about what you suppose may impress the admission officer. The strategy right here is to put in writing about one thing that truly matters to you, one thing that is near your coronary heart. The college admission officers favor those students who're thoughtful about the surroundings they reside in and the world round them. They are extra involved with how you perceive the world you live in and the ideas surrounding them. So you can examine the skills of every essay writer get. Needless to say that this takes time and expertise of more than a thousand of specialists. And we are one hundred% certain that every of them is doing his greatest to make sure quality providers on every degree. To be sure that you get a superb grade that you just deserve, we solely trust the writing to highly qualified and experienced writers. They all have Masters' or Ph.D. levels from prime universities in the USA, the UK, and different English-speaking international locations. It may also be something that you may need done or something that brought on you to realize that truth . The key level here is to explain how this situation brought a change in you and enriched your understanding about yourself and others. It must cowl since when and the way did progress happen as a person, at a personal stage. You can describe here about a transition that had led made a shift from negativity to positivity. Explain how did that change occur, what did you practice on moving in direction of positivity and concentrate on explaining the specific step which kept you growing. The concluding assertion in this software essay must signify the optimistic nature you have since that realization and the gist should say about your maturity. You can write on something that has captivated you as you would get more material to write down and stuff you care about most in your life. After making that distinction, you should choose a particular prompt and then, breakdown this essay immediate. In this context, most prompts are about your personal story, the occasions modified your outlook in life, or radically modified your world view. A thesis is, perhaps, the most important task for college kids. Even should you did not do nicely all these years in faculty, we assure that with our help, you'll create the best paper in your class. Everything you have to know for writing wonderful scholarship essays and college essays. The major focus of your application is on your academic achievement, however here, while writing a regular essay application, you possibly can write about your private growth and maturity. You can focus on an event which sparked your interval of private growth. This may have helped in creating an understanding for yourself and others. It could be the journey from the point of realization till right now or the way in which you had been earlier till the point of realization. It can also encompass the way you view your self now since after you had that realization.

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Get The Best Essay

Get The Best Essay If you have been assigned an argumentative essay, check out these Top 10 Argumentative Essay Topics. We grant reductions to welcome new clients, however all the time respect the loyalty of those who come back for essay help as a result of they belief us. We have hundreds of regulars yearly and all of them have access to great reductions that are a part of our loyalty program. You might also need to think about the distinction between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. Quoting is reserved for traces of textual content that are identical to an unique piece of writing. Paraphrasing is reserved for big sections of someone else's writing that you simply need to convey in your personal phrases. Summarizing puts the main points from someone else's text into your own phrases. Here's extra on When to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize. Now the essay is written, however you're not fairly done. Reread what you've got written, looking for mistakes and typos. As you move through the essay, transition words might be paramount. To get more information on the worth-setting, calculate your order by way of an internet kind or contact our help supervisor. In case you dislike the delivered paper, you can ask at no cost revisions of your order throughout the first 14 days or a full refund. To get closer to the millennial generation, the service went by way of a re-branding course of. The must e mail or telephone the supervisor to place your order disappeared. Your paper will be written from scratch following supplied necessities. That’s why we are certain with a timely delivery guarantee. Once your order is accomplished, you will receive an automatic notification. Transition phrases are the glue that connects each paragraph together and prevents the essay from sounding disjointed. Fill in supporting details out of your research underneath every paragraph. Make sure every paragraph ties again to your thesis and creates a cohesive, understandable essay. Ensure you could have transitions between paragraphs so the reader understands how the paper flows from one idea to the subsequent. If you have been tasked with an argumentative essay, here's the most effective method for an Argumentative Essay Outline. Papers have by no means been better and more reasonably priced than this! If you need a mixture of nice pricing and even higher high quality, BestEssays.com.au is the corporate to rent to provide it. You get the best quality for an reasonably priced average price. We analyzed the feedback offered by our prospects to get better and sustain-to-date. An on-line order kind made the workflow far more efficient. You can ask for a free revision if you want to change something in it. Our pleasant assist team welcomes you at any time of the day and evening. Once you get the worth quote on your paper, you should make the cost. Making cost is utterly simple and it can be accomplished in seconds with full confidentiality and safety. You can make the payment via debit/credit cards. We use one hundred% trusted cost portal like paypal for transactions. Want to recover from the hassles of paper submissions in all subjects. Fill up the order kind, mentioning the required particulars. Submit the necessities and get free value quote for your order. I am very pleased with the service I obtain and received from UK Essays. We've served over 25,000 prospects since we started buying and selling in 2003. The reviews beneath are all from the independently verified and trusted Reviews.io web site - a leading on-line evaluations platform. Our Fair Use Policy outlines the way during which the work we offer ought to be used, and offers you the required steering to get probably the most out of your mannequin essay. We strongly suggest studying the references used within the paper, too, to deepen your knowledge of the subject.

Writerthrone Reviews

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To What Extent are the Stock Markets Overvalued - Free Essay Example

Introduction Stock markets are considered to be among the most preferred investment platforms by investors, as they generate a high return on investment (Fong, 2014). There are many underlying reasons for this high return, one of which may be the valuation of the financial commodities traded in the stock market (Chang, 2005). Some financial analysts believe that the stock markets are extremely overvalued (Phoenix, 2014), while there are others who consider them as being slightly overvalued (Rosenberg, 2010). Another school of thought has a viewpoint that they are fairly valued (Wolf, 2008); while, some hold the opinion that they are undervalued (Pan, 2009). Due to these differences in viewpoints, it becomes difficult to gauge the extent to which stock markets are overvalued. The reasons for these differences in opinions are the different geographical locations (Tan, Gan and Li, 2010) and the different assumptions made in comparisons (Cheng and Li, 2015). The difference in the methods used for valuation also turns out to be one of the reasons, as every method has its merits and demerits (Khan, 2002). Stock market overvaluation may have severe negative effects including a market crash or increasing organisations agency costs, which need to be considered by managers in organization-wide strategic management (Jensen, 2005). Methods used for Stock Valuation Various methods are used for stock valuation; some of the common ones include Price to Earnings ratio (Stowe et al., 2008), Knowledge Capital Earnings (Ujwary-Gil, 2014) and Dividend Discount Model (Adiya, 2010). The price to earnings ratio is the most common method used to evaluate stock markets, whereby the companys current stock price is compared with the predicted earnings it will yield in future (Stowe et al., 2008). Knowledge Capital Earnings KCE is another method through which a companys intellectual capital can be gauged and interpretation of the extent to which it is overvalued can be given (Ujwary-Gil, 2014). The KCE method, however, is specifically subjective if the analyst is interested in estimating the potential future earnings of an organization (Ujwary-Gil, 2014). The Dividend Discount Model is based on the assumption that the price of a stock at equilibrium will be equal to the sum of all its upcoming dividend yields discounted back to its current value (Ivanov ski, Ivanovska and Narasanov, 2015). One of the shortcomings of this model is with the companys growth estimation, in which the averaged historical rates do not provide an accurate picture, as they ignore the ongoing economic conditions and the changes that take place in the company (Ivanovski, Ivanovska and Narasanov, 2015). Another issue identified by Mishkin, Matthews and Giuliodori (2013) is related to the accuracy of dividends forecasted based on the companys past performance and the predicted future trends of the market; critics cast doubts on the accuracy of these figures, as they are purely based on estimation of analysts and may not be always correct. Stock Markets are Extremely Overvalued Hussman (2014), who is well-known for his accurate insights about the financial markets, comments in one of his speeches that due to their Zero Interest Rate and Quantitative Easing policies, the central banks have driven the stock prices up to twice as high as they are supposed to be. This imparts the stock markets to be overvalued by 100%. While different authors argue that every evaluation metric has its merits and demerits, which makes it difficult to conclude whether stock markets are overvalued when calculated via a specific metric, a Phoenix (2014) report provides evidence of the fact that stock markets are overvalued by almost every metric used for valuation. According to Autore, Boulton and Alves (2015), short interest rates are also a determinant of stock valuation; the lower the short interest rate of the initial stock, the more overvalued the stock will be. An example could be that of the U.S. stock market which is analysed to be overvalued by 55% (Lombardi, 2014), w hile it is estimated to be overvalued by 80% according to another research (Heyes, 2015). Lombardi (2014) identifies it to be overvalued to such an extent due to the increasing presence of bullish stock advisors as compared to bearish advisors, which results in the investors being complacent without being anxious about a huge market sell-off. By evaluating the market through various methods, Tenebrarum (2015) established an opinion that the U.S. stock market is valued at its highest peak to date. Additionally, Lombardi (2014) recognises these indicators to be similar to those before the stock market crash in 2007. Hence it may lead us to a prediction that history might repeat itself, as specialists have already expected the forthcoming crash (Heyes, 2015). Reasons behind Extreme Overvaluation Moenning (2014) explains one of the reasons behind stock overvaluation to be investors inclination to fall in the trap of investing based on stock valuation, instead of business cycles. He further elaborates that due to the investors inclination towards highly valued stocks, companies raise their stock prices to make their stock seem attractive to be preferred by investors over that of other companies. Qian (2014) identifies a solution to this that if investors are discouraged from merely considering stock valuation while looking for investment options, companies will not have an incentive to undertake systematic mispricing of their stocks, which results in overvaluation. Another reason behind overvaluation of stock market has been suggested by Autore, Boulton and Alves (2015); according to whom the stocks are overvalued to a great extent due to the higher levels of failure to deliver. Three major exchanges report a huge number of failures to deliver in their daily listings appr oximately equal to 10,000 shares or 0.5% of the overall outstanding shares, which further explains the reason behind extreme overvaluation of stock markets (Autore, Boulton and Alves, 2015). Stock Markets are Slightly Overvalued Some analysts estimate the stock markets to be slightly overvalued as compared to what their value should be. Rosenberg (2010) further strengthens this point in his research which revealed that stock markets are overvalued by 35%. A Newstex (2010) report provides little evidence about the market being overvalued by 26%. Specialists from this school of thought believe that stock overvaluation may only result in a temporary disruption in the market, which may be resolved by cautiously reducing the stock prices. Stock Markets are Fairly Valued The ideal situation is the one when stock markets are appropriately valued, which Wolf (2008) identifies as an opportunity. He says that fairly priced stock markets are favoured by the investors and risk-seeking governments, as it is the situation with lesser uncertainty. With an overall market yield of 4%, Paler (2012) recognised the stock markets to be fairly valued, regarding them as a suitable investment platform. For example, Newstex (2015) reported Amazons stock price to be fairly valued at $295 per share as opposed to $380. This is because financial analysts believe that factors such as the potential decline in the annual revenue growth, reduction in operating profit margins due to increasing technology, marketing and other costs, and increased investment in growth strategies, such as international expansion, need to be accounted for when valuing stocks. It can thus be understood that overvalued stocks pose to be a threat for the financial markets because investors lose conf idence, which results in a drop in revenue growth (Akbulut, 2013). The slightly overvalued stock markets may find their easy escape if the decline in the Central Bank rates results in a decrease in the wider interest rate spectrum (Saler, 1998). Stock Markets are undervalued Pan (2009) supports the claim that stock markets are undervalued, along with which he gives the example of the Asian stock market, which is approximately 30% undervalued. One of the reasons he identified for it was the political instability. Another example is provided by Pawsey (2009), whereby he analysed that most of the UK stock market remains undervalued and it has not been so in decades. The reason he identified was that the stocks are undersold as compared to the sales estimation. On one hand, the U.S. stock market is viewed as being extremely overvalued, while on the other, the U.K. stock market is severely undervalued. It can thus be seen that the geographical location plays a great role in the differences of opinion about overvaluation and undervaluation of the stock markets (Tan, Gan and Li, 2010). There are some specific markets which are consistently undervalued for certain periods of time. An example could be the Russian stock market; Putin (2008) found Russian comp anies to be severely undervalued. Caldwells (2015) analysis also depicted that Russian stock market is among the three most undervalued markets globally. The analysis also included predictions that the Russian stocks might go down further, therefore investors need to beware before investing in such markets. Reasons behind Stock Undervaluation One of the reasons behind undervaluation of stock markets is the investors inclination towards highly valued stocks. Although some companies set their stocks at a lower price to make them seem cheaper and more attractive for the investors to buy, they find the investors doing the opposite, i.e. opting for highly valued stocks in anticipation of higher returns (Warner, 2010). Reasons for Different Viewpoints Different Assumptions and Valuation Methodology The different viewpoints mentioned about stock valuation are based on the different assumptions (Cheng and Li, 2015) and different methods used for valuation (Khan, 2002). It also follows that these different methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, which if accounted for, may result in a different perspective. For example, price to earnings ratio is considered to be a worthless tool by some analysts because of its overoptimistic estimates (Tenebrarum, 2015). Taboga (2011) identifies another issue with this ratio, that it is mostly influenced by the fluctuations in earnings due to the business cycle oscillations. Hence he assumes that relying merely on this method may not provide a true picture of the extent to which stock market is overvalued. Implications of Overvaluation Hunter, Kaufman and Pomerleano (2005) explain that extreme overvaluation of the stock market should be taken into consideration and a solution should be devised for it, otherwise there would be higher probability of a crash. Liao (2014) also found a positive relationship between highly overvalued markets and possibility of a crash. He also found a negative relationship between extreme overvaluation and future share price jumps. Jensens (2005) study revealed that the overvaluation of a companys stock gives rise to certain organisational forces which become difficult for the management to handle, damaging the organisations core value either partially or entirely. On one hand, overvalued stock markets pose threats to the financial markets, while on the other, they help in boosting up the aggregate demand and supply, such that this positive effect may potentially be able to subside the negative effect (Cecchetti et al., 2000). Jones and Netter (2012) believe that mispriced stocks pr ove to be a source of encouragement for investors to trade, as a result of which they are reverted back to their reasonable prices. Conclusion The valuation of stock markets has long been an area of concern for financial institutions and analysts. The differences in valuation and the opinions regarding valuation occur because of the differences in the methods used for calculations and making estimates. Each method has its pros and cons and research suggests that one method alone cannot provide a true picture of the degree to which stock markets are overvalued or undervalued. There is evidence about stock markets being extremely overvalued, and there is also an equal amount of research suggesting they are fairly valued and/or undervalued. Considering the differences in methods used and the variation in geographical locations where these researches are conducted, it is difficult to hold a strong opinion about the extent to which stock markets are overvalued or undervalued, because critics against each school of thought have logical reasoning proving the limitations of the valuation method used by the other analysts. It is t herefore necessary for the analysts to use a combination of two or methods for stock valuation, so that the doubts of the critics may be reduced, ensuring transparency in the financial data analysis. References Adiya, B. (2010). Discuss the Main Theories Underlying the Valuation of the Stock. Critically Assess the Role of Fundamental and Technical Analysis in Stock Market Valuation. EC 247 Term Paper, University of Essex. Akbulut, M.E. (2013). Do Overvaluation-driven Stock Acquisitions Really Benefit Acquirer Shareholders? Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 1025-1055. Autore, D.M., Boulton, T.J., and Alves, M.V. (2015). Failure to Deliver, Short Sale Constraints, and Stock Overvaluation. Financial Review, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 143-172. Caldwell, K. (2015). Revealed: The Worlds Cheapest Stock Markets 2015. The Telegraph. 6th June. [Online] Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/investing/11654508/Revealed-The-worlds-cheapest-stock-markets-2015.html Cecchetti, S.G., Genberg, H., Lipsky, J., Wadhwani, S. (2000). Asset Prices and Central Bank Policy. Geneva: International Center for Monetary and Banking Studies. Chang, J. (2005). Shares Feature Attractive Valuations. Chemical Market Reporter, Vol. 268, No. 18, pp. 15. Cheng, S., and Li, Z. (2015). The Chinese Stock Market Volume II: Evaluation and Prospects. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Fong, W.M. (2014). The Lottery Mindset: Investors, Gambling and the Stock Market. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Heyes, J.D. (2015). Stock Market is 50% to 80% Overvalued; Experts Warn Historical Crash now Imminent. Natural News. 17th September. [Online] Available at: https://www.naturalnews.com/051202_economic_predictions_stock_market_crash_James_Dale_Davidson.html Hunter, W.C., Kaufman, G.G., and Pomerleano, M. (2005). Asset Price Bubbles: The Implications for Monetary, Regulatory and International Policies. London: MIT Press Hussman, J. (2014). John Hussman: The Stock Market is overvalued by 100%. Phils Stock World. Newstex. Retrieved from ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/1621993284/fulltext?accountid=15977 Ivanovski, Z., Ivanovska, N., and Narasanov, Z. (2015). Application of Dividend Discount Model Valuation at Macedonian Stock-Exchange. UTMS Journal of Economics, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 147-154. Jensen, M.C. (2005). Agency Costs of Overvalued Equity. Financial Management, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 5-19. Jones, S.L., and Netter, J.M. (2012). Efficient Capital Markets. [Online] Available at: https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/EfficientCapitalMarkets.html Khan, A. (2002). 501 Stock Market Tips and Guidelines. USA: Writers Club Press. Liao, Q. (2014). Overvaluation and Stock Price Crashes: The Effects of Earnings Management. PhD Dissertation, University of Texas. Lombardi, M. (2014). EconMatters: U.S. Stock Market Overvalued by 55%? Newstex Global Business Blogs. Newstex. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/1641263053?pq-origsite=summon Mishkin, F.S., Matthews, K., and Giuliodori, M. (2013). The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets. European Edition. Barcelona: Pearson Education Limited. Moenning, D. (2014). EconMatters: How Much are Stocks Overvalued? Newstex Global Business Blogs. Newstex. Retrieved from ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/1639491656?pq-origsite=summon Newstex (2010). Is the Stock Market 26% Overvalued? Phils Stock World. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/189661843?pq-origsite=summon Paler, N. (2012). Fidelitys Roberts: Equity Markets Fair to Slightly Overvalued but better than Cash. Investment Week. 26th March. pp. 28. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/963553204?pq-origsite=summon Pan, A. (2009). Asian Stock Markets Seen almost 30% Undervalued. Asiamoney. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/206616845?pq-origsite=summon Pawsey, D. (2009). UK Stocks are Significantly Undervalued. Financial Advisor. Retrieved from ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/195110261?pq-origsite=summon Phoenix Capital Research (2014). Stocks Are Severely Overvalued By Almost Every Predictive Metric. Phils Stock World. Newstex. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/1546016887?pq-origsite=summon Putin (2008). Putin Says Russian Stock Market Undervalued. Daily News Bulletin. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/456062919?pq-origsite=summon Qian, X. (2014). Small Investor Sentiment, Differences of Opinion and Stock Overvaluation. Journal of Financial Markets, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 219-246. Rosenberg, D. (2010). Rosenberg: Stocks 35% Overvalued. Phils Stock World. Newstex. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/189666557?pq-origsite=summon Saler, T. (1998). Fed could Rescue Slightly Overvalued Large-cap Stocks. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/260844752?pq-origsite=summon Stowe, J.D., Robinson, T.R., Pinto, J.E., McLeavey, T.W. (2008). Equity Asset Valuation Workbook. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Taboga, M. (2011). Under/Over-Valuation of the Stock Market and Cyclically Adjusted Earnings. International Finance, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 135-164. Tan, Z.H., Gan, C., and Li, Z. (2010). An Empirical Analysis of the Chinese Stock Market: Overvalued/Undervalued. International Journal of Applied Economics Econometrics, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 44-74. Tenebrarum, P. (2015). EconMatters: The U.S. Stock Market is at its Most Overvalued in History. Newstex Global Business Blogs. Newstex. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/1656537926?pq-origsite=summon Ujwary-Gil, A. (2014). Knowledge Capital Earnings of a Company Listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange. European Conference on Knowledge Management. Kidmore: Academic Conferences International Limited. Warner, J. (2010). Why Stock Markets are still Undervalued? The Daily Telegraph. 19th January, pp. 4. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/321739234?pq-origsite=summon Wolf, M. (2008). Why Fairly Valued Stock Markets are an Opportunity? Financial Times. 26th November, pp. 13.

Why Leadership Matters Observation Of Patient Experience...

Why Leadership matters: Observation of patient experience/care. This assignment provides an analysis of an observation of patient experience in a clinical area, following the assignment brief outlined in appendix A. Introduction: The relationship between patient experience and high quality care The definition of high quality care proposed by Lord Darzi in High Quality Care for All (2008) has now become enshrined in the Health and Social Care Act 2012. To achieve high quality care all 3 elements of patient experience, patient safety and clinical effectiveness must be present. Recently, a number of high level reports which have highlighted failings in the provision of high quality care and it has been suggested that patent experience†¦show more content†¦The rationale for this choice was that the authors clinical background is health visiting and therefore has prior knowledge of good practice in child and family settings, an understanding of child development stages and experience of supporting children with complex needs and their families. Additionally, the author has previously been involved in shadowing opportunities within their own organisation and knows service areas well. By choosing an area unfamiliar to the author, a fresh eyes approach could be pursued and limited the potential for bias. Observation themes and analysis The observations made by the author during the activity are recorded in Appendix B. The template utilised was adapted from the Patient Family Centred Care (PFCC) ‘Shadowing Field Journal’ (PFCC, 2013). Three key themes have been identified: †¢ The Care/Built Environment †¢ Human Interactions (including staff to staff and staff to patient) †¢ Organisation and Leadership The Care/Built Environment Observations made in relation to the environment commenced from arrival in the car park, with clear signage and good accessibility to the department. The department was clean, contemporary and uncluttered with distinct areas for differing activities. The seating area afforded parents a

The And Its Impact On Society - 1707 Words

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Customer Value Management Saturated Markets of Mobile

Question: The question here that arises is that in the competitive market environment of mobiles what strategies can the operators implement in order to strive in the market? Answer: Summary: The article deals in the saturated markets of mobile. The question here that arises is that in the competitive market environment of mobiles what strategies can the operators implement in order to strive in the market? The answer focuses on the different market strategies that can be implemented like the customer retention. In this regard there are many organizations that emphasize the acquisition of new customers which is not effective in a saturated and competitive market. This approach has been proved to be a success as in the UK O2, the churn rate got reduced with the introduction of the Refresh tariff benefitting the customers. Thus, the main idea is the management of customer value which is described as a complex set of decisions which focuses on data mining so that the operators are able to send important communications to the target customers. The target customers are easily achieved with the social media marketing methods which will help to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of the business. The first step includes the determination of the valuable customers. In an article on Forbes, the way to reduce the customer churn rate has been discussed which reveals that the companies have failed to reduce the churn rate mainly because they did not value their customers who were on the verge of retention. The problem of understanding the customer value lies in the solution of big data. It has been seen that the revenue forms the key performance indicator to determine the customer value but the clarity of the scenario is achieved only when costs and expenses are included. It can be analyzed that the low value customer may be at the other side of the coin as they prove to be valuable as they receive more incoming calls than they make outgoing calls. The second challenge is the personalization of offers to each of your valuable customers. When the customer value is determined the next issue that arises is the effective communication with them. The big data is also utilized in the communication strategies as it provides the customer history which helps the operators to individualize the customers by providing them with offers that are most relevant to them. In this way the operators can increase the customer loyalty, reduce churn rates and thus increase the revenue. The third challenge is the identification of the different channels through which the offers can be sent to the customers. The more diversified are the channels the more consistent is the customer experience. Analysis: One of the emerging marketing practices in the recent times is the establishment and development of effective customer relationships. The sound relationship between the customers and the sellers are possible through the maintenance of the individual customer data which is important for learning the behavior, tastes and preferences of the customers. This availability of customer data gave birth to a new marketing research area which is the customer value management. This research helps to evaluate the customer lifetime value and the development of offers which are customer specific. The article deals in the customer retention which is possible only when the behavior of each of the customers is available. It has been proved that efficiency of the business lies in the customer retention more and less on customer acquisition. It must be noted that for the expansion of any business acquisition of new customers are as valuable as the customer retention. The customer retention is possible o nly when the valuable customers are identified which is again possible through the big data. There are three major benefits of big data which are useful for the business especially where the market is saturated and competitive. The cost reduction, improved decision making and introduction and development of new products and services are three benefits. The article also focuses on the identification of the different modes of communication to the customers, of which the social media marketing has proved to be effective and efficient. In this regard the targeted customers are easily accessible through the social media networks where the marketing of products and offers are provided in less possible time. It is also evident from the fact that the busy customers find it convenient to approach sellers through online channels rather than visiting the braches or making calls to the call center. Thus, the online channels of communication prove to be beneficial for customer retention. The cus tomer retention is commenced through the customer value management where the big data are used to acquire the information about each of the customers and develop sound customer relationship.

Pablo Picasso an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso is known for his many artistic talents; painting, sculpting, drawing, graphics and ceramics. His art forms changed so often because of his intense responses to life. Picassos constant search for understanding made him the leader in expressing the complexities of the 1900s (International Arts Portal, para.1, 2005). The artist was drawn to tension and conflict, searching on the subconscious level of human emotion through his art. Picasso was not just an artist however; he was a man who had experienced the many facets of life. Picasso loved women, and the many emotions he felt through relationships as expressed through his art. Need essay sample on "Pablo Picasso" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Frequently Tell EssayLab writers: I'm don't want to write my essay. Because I don't have the time Essay writer professionals advise: Essay Company Write My Essay For Me Cheap Best Essay Writing Service Essay Writing Services He was a passionate political activist and a loving friend to many. Picassos life, spent primarily between Spain and Paris, was filled with memorable and inspiring moments which can be seen through his art; however, write this essay focuses on the few prominent moments that are contributed to his most popular artistic stages. Pablo Picasso was born in 1881 to Don Jose and Dona Maria. Picassos father was an enormous influence on the artist; he acted as Picassos mentor (Mallen, 2007). Don Jose was a strong influence on Picassos art as demonstrated by his early artwork which depicted pigeons; which was what his father kept as subjects for his own paintings (Mallen, 2007). In 1892, Picasso becomes a student of the sculptor and painter, Isidoro Brocos (sect.11, 2007). It is Brocos who informally introduces Picasso to watercolor techniques (2007). By 1894 Picasso had established himself as a young artist, in journals and exhibits in A Coruna (2007). Picasso began focusing on transformation in his paintings when he was fourteen years old; which could have been associated with the death of his sister which occurred around that time. Picasso saw his paintings as a way of transforming himself and everything or everyone around him. The artist demonstrated his natural love of all things and unbiased nature by befriending people of all ages and nationalities. The artist had an insatiable appetite for examining the work of others (Mallen, sect.23, 2007); he was known to take pieces of others work that influenced him and craft it to his vision. Perhaps the most significant moments in Picassos life which demonstrates the extent of his talent, is in 1895 when his father Don Jose gives up his brushes and pallet to Picasso in a gesture that the student has surpassed the teacher (Mallen, 2007). Picassos love of life, friends and family influenced his work. Picasso was passionate about his friendships; when close friend Casagemas commits suicide in 1901, it began Picassos Blue Period which was an expression of his sadness (Voorhies, 2004). Picasso wrote I began to paint in blue, when I realized that Casademas had died (Olgas Gallery, 2007). A young mistress of Picassos, Dora Maar, once stated that the artist had five factors which explained his way of life and artistic style; the woman he was in love with, the poet(s) who served as a catalyst, the home, his circle of friends and his dog (as cited in Miller, para.3, 2001). African sculpture influenced Picasso. The African influence depicted in his cubist art was dubbed his Negro Period (Olgas Gallery, 2007)as seen in his first Cubist painting Les demoiselles d Avignon. The majority of Picassos friends were disappointed by his new cubist experimentation with the exception of fellow artist and friend Braque and the art dealer Kahnweiler were excited (2007). Braque and Picasso explored cubist possibilities together. In 1909, Picasso gives up a central perspective and splits forms up into facet-like stereo-metric shapes (sect.1), which was the beginning of the artists new stage of analytical cubism. The Bread and Fruit Dish on a Table was the original work which gave way to Picassos analytical cubism period. Picasso had many relationships during this period, which influenced his work. In 1912 Picasso, along with his friend Braque, experimented with still lifes of cut and-pasted scraps of material or collages which could be seen in Still-Life with Chair Caning this is considered Picassos synthetic cubism period (Olgas Gallery, sect. 6, 2007). Picassos life, mood, state of mind and art was changed dramatically during World War I, as seen in Pierrot (Olgas Gallery, sect. 6, 2007). The people in his life were greatly affected by the war and Picasso became more of a realist because of it. The art dealer, Kahnweiler, had his gallery confiscated while fellow artists and friends Braque and Derain were sent off to war (Olgas Gallery, 2007.). Big changes came for Picasso in 1916 when Jean Cocteau, the poet, and Picasso traveled to Rome and worked on dcor for the Russian ballet. It was at this time when Picasso fell in love with his future bride Olga Khokhlova who he would marry in 1918 (Olgas Gallery, 2007). Once married Picasso preferred the classic and surreal (Classicism and Surrealism), such as The Lovers. His first child Paolo was born in 1921 and he began working with the mother and child theme as in the past (Olgas Gallery, 2007). While Picassos fame rose, he, on the other hand, felt suppressed by such fame. This was in contradiction to how his wife saw it and they began to have marital problems for which Picasso acted on by having an affair with his sons seventeen-year-old nurse (Olgas Gallery, 2007). Picasso worked out his stress by experimenting with sculptures using items such as shirts, floor-rags, nails and string (Olgas Gallery, sect.8). Olga and Picasso ended up in divorce; his mistress gave him a child and then further down the road, he fell in love with Dora Marr (2007). All this, especially the divorce, put Picasso in a financial crunch, which was demonstrated in his art by snorting, dying bulls. It would seem that Picasso was searching for happiness and he was feeling unsatisfied with life. Picasso was very proactive in politics. When asked two paint a mural for the Spanish government, he originally planned to paint a painter in his studio; but after hearing of the destruction of Guernica by the Germans he created his own version of the destruction in Guernica. Demonstrating his political beliefs, Picasso decreed that the painting was not to go to the Spanish government until fascism was ended, thus the painting stayed in New York until 1981, forty years after its creation. In another political stance, Picasso passed out postcards of Guernica to Germans, when Germany was occupying Paris in 1940. When asked by the Nazi soldiers, after receiving the postcard from Picasso, Did you do this? Picasso simply replied, No, you did (Olgas Gallery, sect.9, 2007). After the liberation of Paris, Picasso joins the communist party due to their success against the German Nazis and was an active participant of the Peace Movement (Olgas Gallery, sect. 10, 2007). Much of Picassos art during and soon after World War II depicted the horrors of Germany at the hands of the Nazis. Picasso created paintings based on reports of the war (sect. 10, 2007). Picasso used his art as a way to communicate his humanitarian political beliefs (sect.10). Picasso passed away in 1973. He was a passionate man, who used his art to express himself to the world. As an artistic genius he created over twenty thousand works of art expressing intellectual, political, social and amorous messages (Voorhies, 2004), through styles such as cubism, neoclassicism, surrealism and expressionism. Picasso lived his life searching for the unconscious emotions underlying the most dramatic events; while being inspired by the ones he loved. References Mallen, E. (2007). Biography. Online Picasso Project. Retrieved February 13, 2007 from http://picasso.tamu.edu/picasso/BioSearch Keywords=Picasso&SearchStyle=continuous&SearchBy=season&StartYear=1881&StartSeason=1&StartMonth=0&StartDay=0&EndYear=1973&EndSeason=1&EndMonth=0&EndDay=0&Sort=ascending&CurrentItem=1 Miller, A. (2001). Two Worlds as One. Einstein, Picasso Space, Time, and the Beauty That Causes Havoc. (ch.1). Retrieved February 13, 2007 from http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/miller-01einstein.html?_r=2&oref=slogin Olga's Gallery. (Updated 2007). Pablo Picasso. Retrieved February 13, 2007 from http://www.abcgallery.com/P/picasso/picassobio.html Voorhies, J. (2004). Pablo Picasso (18811973). Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pica/hd_pica.htm

La Cacharpaya Essays - Geography Of The Dominican Republic, El Cachn

La Cacharpaya Essays - Geography Of The Dominican Republic, El Cachn "La Cacharpaya " Nombre : Karla Rosales Curso : IV B Indice : Introduccion Desarrollo: Origen Vestimenta Baile Musica Conclusion Bibliografia Introduccion El folklore es el conjunto de manifestaciones culturales y artisticas por las cuales se expresa un pueblo o comunidad en forma anonima, tradicional y espontanea, para satisfacer necesidades tanto material como inmaterial. El folklore nacional chileno posee una riqueza de canciones y danzas que representan a las dis t intas regiones de nuestro pais ademas de que s on muchas las fiestas rel igiosas donde se muestran algunas de estas danzas . Las danzas nortinas tienen caracteristicas notorias que se observan en las vestimentas y se palpan en la musica. En general, los bailes y danzas de la zona norte de Chile se caracterizan por su origen religioso y festivo. Las celebraciones religiosas toman especial significado en toda la zona andina de Chile, en la que resalta un gran interes por las danzas y bailes como el Cachimbo, el H uachitorito, la C ueca nortina y la Cacharpaya . A cada una de las ceremonias asisten por lo general, cofradias de otros lugares, y en este tipo de celebraciones, la musica toma principalmente la forma de danza ceremonial. La musica andina se mantiene en localidades precordilleranas y altiplanicas destacando su caracter coreografico. La Cacharpaya o Kacharpari - acto y e fecto de despedir o despedirse- es la despedida de las fiestas que se realiza en e l ultimo dia. Ligado con la cel ebracion festiva, la C acharpaya tambien e s una danza y un genero musical que profundizaremos. Desarrollo Origen right509270 La Cacharpaya o Kacharpari es un vocablo quechua que significa " despedida " , es de origen precolombino y p ertenece a la familia del H uayno , una danza de origen pre-colombino quechua-aimara presente en toda la zona altiplanica , es la especie dominante en la zona de dispersion de la cultura incaica que abarca desde el no rte de Argentina hasta Ecuador. En Chile tiene su centro en la primera y segunda region, preferentemente en puebl os cordilleranos y altiplanicos. La fiesta de la cacharpaya se realiza en los pueblos andi nos, entre algunas comunidades Aymaras y sobre todo entre las comunidades quechuas de Sudamerica existentes en Peru, Bolivia, Argentina y Chile. La cacharpaya puede realizarse en todo tipo de fiestas ya sean familiares, sociales o religiosas, comenzando con la despedida de algun familiar o amigo que se ausenta a otro lugar, o que va en peregrinacion a algun santuario, y de igual manera para finalizar las fiestas religiosas y sociales. En la fiesta del carnaval la cacharpaya se realiza para finalizar los festejos como despedida, segun las regiones y costumbres, el miercoles de ceniza o el domingo siguiente al final del carnaval. 3215640-1012190 En la actualidad aparece adscrita en las grandes fiestas ceremoniales como La Tirana o la Ayquina. Las cofradias o hermandades se despiden el ultimo dia del santuario, bailando y cantando una Cacharpaya. Vestimenta 3949065692150 La variedad de vestimentas varia mucho en la zona norte de Chile, ya sea por el indigena, por el minero, el paisano o cuando se usan trajes especiales para ceremonias religiosas. Una vestimenta tipica, en el caso de los hombres consiste en un sombrero de ala corta con adornos, chaquetilla, camisa generalmente blanca -aunque tambien de colores-, pantalon de tela negro y zapatos sencillos o sandalias. Casi siempre va acompanado de un bolso para guardar las hojas de coca con la que contrarresta los efectos de la altura. La mujer lleva un vestido largo con blusa blanca, zapatos livianos o sandalias y una gran manta de colores vivos, que cumple la doble funcion de abrigar o trasladar mercaderia, objetos o a sus hijos pequenos. La vestimenta es de mucho colorido y predominan las prendas de lana, ya sea de llama, vicuna o alpaca. Podemos encontrar a mujeres que llevan faldas de terciopelo de colores, las que se van agregando una sobre otra. Tambien se usa el aguayo, cuadrado de lana que se d obla y coloca en la espalda sujeto de los hombros y prendido por delante en el pecho, con una hermosa cuchara de plata. Tanto el hombre como la mujer usan sombrero. Baile 2453640690880 Existen

Ethical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical analysis - Essay Example The treating physician has to maximize the benefits and decrease the harm for his/her patient .However, there are times when the physician, the patient and/or patient`s family might find it difficult to proceed; due to the fact that harm and benefit are not in a balance. In the case of J.R., the patient was complaining of leg pain for which he sought medical consultation. Further, the medical consultation resulted in a recommendation for a bone biopsy; a biopsy which showed bone cancer. The physician decided to start the treatment immediately. The treatment was chemotherapy with a chance of leg amputation. But it was not clear what was the probability of amputation. Considering the medical situation, a decision to disclose the information regarding the treatment plan with a chance of leg amputation will result in a psychological harm to the patient. The harm is that the patient knows the diagnosis before the graduation. Another harm would be expected when the patient gains an access to his lab results and knows the diagnosis by himself. This will prevent the patient from enjoying the graduation. The physician is facing a challenge to his duty in truth telling. This quadrant is derived directly from the ethical principle of respect for patient autonomy. Furthermore, this deals with what the patient prefers if he is competent and his presumed wishes if he is not competent. J.R. is a competent adult. This is clear when the treating physician had obtained J.R permission to speak to his parents after the surgery.This suggest that the physician had assessed the capability of J.R and realized that the patient has the right for confidentiality and to choose whom to share the medical information with. What is the preference of this capable adult? This is unknown with regards to this particular case; however, it is related that the mother`s preference is to let her son fully enjoy the graduation which will not be possible if

Election Primaries in Israel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Election Primaries in Israel - Essay Example Due to the country’s unique security needs and political fragmentation, Likud and Labour parties have in some cases formed a coalition government. Likud will elect its candidate for prime minister for the next election in January 31, 2012. Since elections in Israel are held every four years, the primaries for Likud party are also held every four years in order to get the candidate who will represent the party in the next general election to become the prime minister hence forming the government. Vorobev (2010) explains that the party’s constitution requires that leadership primaries should be held up to six months prior to the general elections. In the primaries, members of the party who have the right to vote meet so as to vote their candidate for the next election. These members come from all parts of the country. The party begins the process by identifying the electorate, that is, the body that selects the candidates to be involved in the primaries depending on vario us party criteria. The Israel Democracy Institute (2011) observes that the election of the candidate is often based on the ideology of the candidate and his or her position on various issues relating to Israel such as foreign policy, the Israel—Palestine conflict. ... rael Labour Party constitution requires that primaries should be held so that the candidate for next election is identified to compete with candidates from other parties. The constitution has set a 40% threshold for the candidates; candidates should win with 40% of all votes casted in the primaries in order to be candidates for the party. In an event that the persons vying for the candidature of the party do not attain the 40% threshold, a second round of the election is held (Vorobev, 2010). The two candidates with the best results from the first round battle each other out in the second round. The winner of the primaries also becomes the automatic chairman of the party (The Israel Democracy Institute, 2011). Primaries in 3 parties in other Countries Apart from Israel, there are other countries across the world whose parties hold primary elections. This discussion will focus on the three parties namely; the Democrat Party in the United States, the French Socialist Party in France, a nd the Radical Civic Union in Argentina. In regard to the Democrat Party, just like the Republican Party, the other major party in the US, it conducts national conventions in order to elect the party’s presidential candidate for the next election. Norrander (2010) notes, the conventions are held in each state of the US where the presidential candidates are elected by each state’s delegates. This is usually preceded by a series demonstrations and speeches in support of each party’s candidate. The candidate who is first to receive the leading majority of delegates votes eventually becomes the presidential candidate of the party (Norrander, 2010). After being elected as the candidate of the party to run for presidency is then supposed to select the vice president from one of the party

History Important Terms Essay Example for Free

History Important Terms Essay Bacon’s Rebellion-1676 Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness. John Winthrop-He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. A Puritan with strong religious beliefs. He opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. He helped organize the New England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president. He believed in the creation of a City on a Hill and that they would be an example to the world. Separatists- Non-separatists (which included the Puritans) believed that the Church of England could be purified through reforms. Separatists (which included the Pilgrims) believed that the Church of England could not be reformed and that it was corrupt so started their own congregations. Roger Williams-Rhode Island. He left the Massachusetts colony and purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom. He was an antinomian. He was exiled from Massachusetts because of his beliefs. He believed you couldn’t take land from Native Americans because they could be saved, Anglican Church is too corrupt, separation of church and state and religious toleration, you don’t have to listen to the bible or minister if you are already predetermined. Founder of Rhode Island. Anne Hutchinson-She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomians) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639. She allied with merchants. Said the bible was wrong. Visible saints- people who were godly Christians and who went to heaven when they died. Puritans believed that they were the saints of the world. Half-Way Covenant- The Half-way Covenant applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn’t achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs. Dominion of New England- 1686 The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros. An example that Britain was beginning to lose control of New England. Penns Holy Experiment- William Penn’s term for the government of Pennsylvania, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all. He was a Quaker. He was most likely gay so he wasn’t accepted by puritans but in Pennsylvania he could be free and safe because they believed that they are the same as everyone else. Nathaniel Bacon- Virginian planter who organized a militia of 500, attacked and killed Indians because some tribes caused planters problems. Then he marched the militia into Jamestown and burned it. House of Burgesses-1619 The Virginia House of Burgesses formed the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses. Indentured servants- People who could not afford passage to the colonies could become indentured servants. Another person would pay their passage, and in exchange, the indentured servant would serve that person for a set length of time (usually seven years) and then would be free. Headright- Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists middle passage passage from the African west coast to the West Indies Enlightenment-A philosophical movement which started in Europe in the 1700s and spread to the colonies. It emphasized reason and the scientific method. Writers of the enlightenment tended to focus on government, ethics, and science, rather than on imagination, emotions, or religion. Many members of the Enlightenment rejected traditional religious beliefs in favor of Deism, which holds that the world is run by natural laws without the direct intervention of God. It is believed that it influenced the American Revolution. Great Awakening- Puritanism had declined by the 1730s, and people were upset about the decline in religious piety. The Great Awakening was a sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies. It believed in individualism and New Birth. Believed to influence American Revolution. George Whitefield- George Whitefield, an Anglican minister, led numerous revivals and preached a theology â€Å"scaled down to the comprehension of twelve-year-olds.† While not denying the doctrine of predestination, he preached a God responsive to good intentions. He believed in the concept of New Birth. Jonathan Edwards- Jonathan Edwards was the most famous native-born revivalist. In 1727 he â€Å"inherited† his grandfather’s pulpit in Northampton, Massachusetts, and dramatized hell’s fire and brimstone from the pulpit. Eventually in 1749 his parishioners voted to dismiss him. By the 1750s, the Great Awakening, the first truly national event in American history, had run its course. Although it had caused divisions, it also fostered religious toleration. His most famous work is â€Å"Sinners†. He believed one could become morally perfect. Mercantilism-Navigation Acts- the most important legislature that Britain passed on colonies. Says that all goods shipped on vessels built in UK, Raw material to UK only in UK ships, no manufacturing in colonies, 75% UK crews, all goods to other countries stop in UK for unloading. Congregationalism- Puritan system. Says that church is center of town and the meeting house. Congregation elects minister. Pilgrims Mayflower Compact- 1620 The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. It said that all people must adhere to majority rule, allegiance to king and church is the center of their town. Triangle Trade- The backbone of New England’s economy during the colonial period. Ships from New England sailed first to Africa, exchanging New England rum for slaves. The slaves were shipped from Africa to the Caribbean (this was known as the Middle Passage, when many slaves died on the ships). In the Caribbean, the slaves were traded for sugar and molasses. Then the ships returned to New England, where the molasses were used to make rum. Great Migration- Many Puritans emigrated from England to America in the 1630s and 1640s. During this time, the population of the Massachusetts Bay colony grew to ten times its earlier population. King Philips War- 1675 A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. Covenant of Grace- Puritan teachings emphasized the biblical covenants: God’s covenants with Adam and with Noah, the covenant of grace between God and man through Christ. John Smith-Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter. Virginia Company-Virginia was formed by the Virginia Company as a profit-earning venture. Starvation was the major problem; about 90% of the colonists died the first year, many of the survivors left, and the company had trouble attracting new colonists. They offered private land ownership in the colony to attract settlers, but the Virginia Company eventually went bankrupt and the colony went to the crown. Virginia did not become a successful colony until the colonists started raising and exporting tobacco. William Berkeley- the royal governor, Sir William Berkeley of Virginia. He was forced by Bacon to legitimize his power in order to take control of Jamestown and fight against Indians. seasoning time- period of time when new colonists became accustomed to the weather and hygiene conditions in the colony Toleration Act of 1649- 1649 Ordered by Lord Baltimore after a Protestant was made governor of Maryland at the demand of the colonys large Protestant population. The act guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians. Maryland was unique in that it became a refuge for Catholic immigrants, and although Catholics were a minority in Maryland their rights were protected Jacob Leisler- In New York in 1689, Jacob Leisler seized control of the government for two years before being sent to the gallows. But for two decades struggles continued between those who shared Leisler’s dislike of English rule and those who had opposed his takeover. He took control of New York. He was arrested for denying English troops to enter key forts. He arrested many new Yorkers for questioning his authority. John Peter Zenger- Another political problem occurred when Governor William Cosby made a claim for back salary and was opposed by forces led by Lewis Morris. Morrisites established a weekly journal which was eventually closed down and which led to the trial for seditious libel of its editor, John Peter Zenger. Deism- The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life. Albany Plan of Union- During the French and Indian War, Franklin wrote this proposal for a unified colonial government, which would operate under the authority of the British government. Gives the arousal of William Pitt. The first time the colonies unite. Great War for Empire- increased tensions between France and Britain. France puts up forts around their land. Britain is defeated in Ohio because they have really bad Generals and Native Americans are allied with France, But Irukoy Indians ally with Britain. It is the cause of the first meeting between all 13 colonies. William Pitt was appointed general and helped defeat the French. Regulator Movement- was the attempt to regulate taxes in North Carolina where citizens took up arms against corrupt colonial officials. While unsuccessful, some historians consider it a catalyst to the American Revolutionary War. Stono Rebellion in NY- the rebellion against slavery in New York. One of the earliest known organized rebellions in the present United States, it was led by native Africans who were Catholic and the rebellion was suppressed. Treaty of Paris (1763)- 1763 the Treaty of Paris ended hostilities and gave England dominance in North America. France is out of New World. North Carolina Regulators- Western frontiersmen who in 1768 rebelled in protest against the high taxes imposed by the Eastern colonial government of North Carolina, and whose organization was crushed by military force by Governor Tryon in 1771. In South Carolina, groups of vigilantes who organized to fight outlaw bands along the Western frontier in 1767-1769, and who disbanded when regular courts were established in those areas. Sugar Act (1764)- The passage of the Sugar Act (1764), which placed tariffs on sugar, coffee, wines, and other imported products, was denounced by the colonists as taxation without representation. Also in 1764, the government in London restricted the printing, although not the use of, paper money in the colonies. Salutary neglect- colonists resorted to smuggling and bribery to bypass Parliamentary regulations. Mercantilistic laws merely steered American economy toward England, and the colonies enjoyed almost continuous prosperity from 1650 until the Revolution. Proclamation of 1763- Proclamation of 1763. No settlers were to cross the Appalachian divide, only licensed traders could do business in that area, and the purchase of Indian land was outlawed. The purpose of the proclamation was to organize Great Britains new North American empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier. Tea Act 1773- The final crisis in the ongoing conflict over imperial control surfaced in 1773 when Parliament, in attempting to save the corrupt and inefficient British East India Company from bankruptcy, gave the company a monopoly on colonial tea trade. Although this action reduced the price of tea (middlemen were eliminated), Americans regarded it as a sly attempt to trap them into paying the tea tax. In Boston the situation deteriorated as Samuel Adams and other propagandists inflamed the public to a point that on December 16, 1773, the Boston Tea Party occurred. Coercive Acts 1774- All of these names refer to the same acts, passed in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party, and which included the Boston Port Act, which shut down Boston Harbor; the Massachusetts Government Act, which disbanded the Boston Assembly (but it soon reinstated itself); the Quartering Act, which required the colony to provide provisions for British soldiers; and the Administration of Justice Act, which removed the power of colonial courts to arrest royal officers. Albany Plan-Stamp Act Congress 1765- taxed many kinds of printed matter, including newspapers, legal documents, and licenses. Was direct taxing by eng. An intercolonial Stamp Act Congress passed resolutions of protest, and relations were further strained as colonists burned the stamps, boycotted British goods, and the Sons of Liberty resorted to some violence. Parliament responded by repealing the Stamp Act (1766). Writs of Assistance- Search warrants issued by the British government. They allowed officials to search houses and ships for smuggled goods, and to enlist colonials to help them search. The writs could be used anywhere, anytime, as often as desired. The officials did not need to prove that there was reasonable cause to believe that the person subject to the search had committed a crime or might have possession of contraband before getting a writ or searching a house. The writs were protested by the colonies. Declaratory Act 1766- On the same day Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, it passed a Declaratory Act establishing its right to enact any colonial legislation it deemed proper. The Declaratory Act highlighted the degree to which British and Americans had drifted apart on the concepts of representation, constitution, and sovereignty. Townshend Acts 1767- Facing the possibility of a deficit budget, Parliament passed the Townshend Acts (1767) which placed new taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. Colonists immediately began boycotting British imports and influential Americans began questioning the basis of the British colonial system. The spectrum of debate ranged from the moderate views of John Dickinson to the radical opinions of Samuel Adams. Boston Massacre 1770- On March 5, 1770, idlers tossed snowballs at Redcoats guarding the Boston Custom House, and panicking soldiers fired their muskets into the crowd, killing five. Although radicals like Samuel Adams played up the incident, cooler heads prevailed and a post-massacre truce settled over British America. Circular Letter- a letter sent by Sam Adams to colonies that says taxing is unconstitutional. Virtual Actual Representation- Virtual representation means that a representative is not elected by his constituents, but he resembles them in his political beliefs and goals. Actual representation mean that a representative is elected by his constituents. The colonies only had virtual representation in the British government. 1st-2nd Continental Congress- The First Continental Congress met to discuss their concerns over Parliaments dissolutions of the New York (for refusing to pay to quarter troops), Massachusetts (for the Boston Tea Party), and Virginia Assemblies. The First Continental Congress rejected the plan for a unified colonial government, stated grievances against the crown called the Declaration of Rights, resolved to prepare militias, and created the Continental Association to enforce a new non-importation agreement through Committees of Vigilence. In response, in February, 1775, Parliament declared the colonies to be in rebellion. It met in 1776 and drafted and signed the Declaration of Independence, which justified the Revolutionary War and declared that the colonies should be independent of Britain. Sam Adams- A Massachusetts politician who was a radical fighter for colonial independence. Helped organize the Sons of Liberty and the Non-Importation Commission, which protested the Townshend Acts, and is believed to have lead the Boston Tea Party. He served in the Continental Congress throughout the Revolution, and served as Governor of Massachusetts from 1794-1797. John Dickenson- Drafted a declaration of colonial rights and grievances, and also wrote the series of Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania in 1767 to protest the Townshend Acts. Although an outspoken critic of British policies towards the colonies, Dickinson opposed the Revolution, and, as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776, refused to sign the Declaration of Independence. Sons of Liberty- A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere. Unit II Terms Olive Branch Petition- a petition sent by John Dickinson during the Second Continental Congress to George III of Britain to try and reconcile their feuds. It fails to have any effect because by the time the petition arrives in Britain George III knows about Bunker’s Hill and declares Massachusetts in open rebellion so he cuts off all imports to colonies, which will cause major economic problems. Common Sense- a testament written by Tomas Paine to challenge the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. He writes it to try and create a greater awareness that colonist need independence. It is simple and easy to read. Called for colonists to realize their mistreatment and push for independence from England. Attacked King George III and the monarchy itself. As a result, Continental Congress unleashed privateers against British commerce, open American ports, established state governments. Loyalists- colonists that fight for the British during the Revolution. They included Canadian elites in fear of Americans spreading into their land, some native Americans, and were influenced by the Whigs. They wanted to remain loyal to the British king. Yorktown (1781)- The Battle of Yorktown. It is the decisive battle that ends the Revolutionary War. It forced the British to surrender and negotiate some sort of agreement between America. It leads to the Treaty of Paris 1783 which acknowledged the colonies as independent. Thomas Paine- author of Common Sense. He wanted to create more awareness to colonists about what Britain was doing. He wanted to inspire colonists to do something about their independence. Declaration of Independence- the statement adopted on July 4th that declared that the colonies were no longer part of Britain. Sharply separated Loyalists from Patriots and helped to start the American Revolution by allowing England to hear of the colonists disagreements with British authority. Franco-American Alliance-Saratoga (1778)- an alliance formed between France and the United States. France agrees to help America militarily and economically to defeat and weaken Britain. Articles of Confederation (1781)- The first form of federal government. It had limited national power. It requires a unanimous vote from all colonies to ratify a law, donations instead of taxes, inadequate central government. Gave states independence and more power over national government (able to form treaties, control foreign policy, coin money). Its successes were the Land ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance 1787. Peace of Paris (1783)- Treaty between America and Britain. It recognizes America’s independence. It required all British troops to be evacuated as long as loyalists were paid; all land east of Mississippi went to America, fishing rights of grand banks. Saratoga-Yorktown- two important and decisive battles for America. They are both victories for America.   Republican Motherhood- Came from US War of Independence. Concept that women should educate themselves in the principles of liberty, independence, and democracy so as to inculcate the coming generation with these republican values. This was one sign that women were becoming more respected as intellectually capable. Shays Rebellion 1786- Daniel Shay (Revolutionary War veteran) gathered farmers and marched to courthouse because of trade issues and taxes, preventing state Supreme Court from meeting. State sent troops to fight them and suppressed them. Shay and his rebellion were arrested. Land Ordinance of 1785 -Provided for surveying western territories into 6 square mile townships before sale at auction. Compromise between south’s sale to individuals and NE’s sale to groups or companies. 1 section for education and schooling. Imposts -Section 8 of the Constitution. Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the US. But all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the US. Annapolis Convention 17855 -states met â€Å"to discuss common problems of commerce†. All talk, no action. Decided not to make any changes due to lack of reps from other states, so Hamilton suggested they meet in Philadelphia to â€Å"fix† the Articles of Confederation. 3/5 Compromise-North argued slaves should be counted for federal taxation. South disagreed but still wanted slaves counted as people to determine number in House of Representatives. Eventually Every slave counted as 3/5 of a person. 1808 Compromise- Allowed the slave trade to continue, but placed a date-certain on its survival. Congress eventually passed a law outlawing the slave trade that became effective on January 1, 1808. Virginia Plan- a political plan that wanted 2 houses; upper and lower. A strong central government and representation that is proportional to population.   New Jersey Plan- a political plan that wanted equal representation in every state regardless of population.   Northwest Ordinance of 1787- Establishes government for West. First governed by governor and 3 judges, then territory with legislature, and then state. Determines process of dividing territory and writing territory constitution. Banded by Ohio Mississippi Rivers and Great Lakes. Same rights as original 13 states. Prohibited slavery. Great Compromise- Delegates at Great Convention decided to have bicameral legislature: Lower House- House of Representatives dependent on population (Virginia Plan – favored by larger states) and Upper House- Senate, with equal number of representatives per state (2 per state) (New Jersey Plan – small states). All revenue bills begin in house. Any bill that says it will take money will begin in house of representatives because they are closer to the people. The Federalists Papers 1788- by Madison, Jay and Hamilton. To convince voters in Virginia and New York that constitution was worth a chance. Had little impact but finally New York and Virginia supported it. Checks and balances- Phrase to describe the separation of powers/branches of government. By dividing powers between legislature, executive (President), and judiciary, no one branch can be too powerful. Each one can â€Å"check† the other’s actions. Antifederalists -People against federalists in 1787. Disagreed with the Constitution because they believed peoples rights were being taken away without a Bill of Rights. Appealed to â€Å"common man† as they didn’t want an elected aristocracy. Gave in a bit when promised the Bill of Rights, which they wanted because the British constitution is unwritten so no one can claim any rights. Bill of Rights 1791- By Madison (since he wrote the Constitution too). First 10 amendments of Constitution. Added in 1791. Guarantees civil liberties like freedom of speech, free press, and freedom of religion, etc. written to satisfy the needs of states fearful of losing their rights (anti-federalists. Hamiltons Economic Plans 1792-94- Funding and Assumption. (Funding- funding the national debt. Spend your way out of debt by funding the old debt. Government taxes and uses bonds (citizens lend government money) people who gave money will pay taxes, will want government to succeed so they get their money back.) (Assumption- the central government takes (assumes) all of the state debts.) Funding and assumption later lead to the formation of political parties. Whiskey Rebellion 1795- 1st major challenge to federal authority. Small rebellion that began in Southwestern Pennsylvania in 1794. Challenge to the national governments unjust use of an excise tax on whiskey. Washington crushed the rebellion with excessive force, proving the strength of the national governments power in its military. Shows that constitution is supreme law and that there are severe limits to what people can do to oppose government.